Penumbral Lunar Eclipse of 2494 Jan 21

Fred Espenak

Introduction


The Penumbral Lunar Eclipse of 2494 Jan 21 is visible from the geographic regions shown on the map to the right. The diagram above the map depicts the Moon's path with respect to Earth's umbral and penumbral shadows. Click on the figure to enlarge it. For an explanation of the features appearing in the figure, see Key to Lunar Eclipse Figures.

The instant of greatest eclipse takes place on 2494 Jan 21 at 21:17:43 TD (20:58:33 UT1). This is 6.9 days after the Moon reaches perigee. During the eclipse, the Moon is in the constellation Gemini. The synodic month in which the eclipse takes place has a Brown Lunation Number of 7063.

The eclipse belongs to Saros 161 and is number 14 of 73 eclipses in the series. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s descending node. The Moon moves northward with respect to the node with each succeeding eclipse in the series and gamma increases.

The penumbral lunar eclipse of 2494 Jan 21 is preceded two weeks earlier by a annular solar eclipse on 2494 Jan 07.

These eclipses all take place during a single eclipse season.

The eclipse predictions are given in both Terrestrial Dynamical Time (TD) and Universal Time (UT1). The parameter ΔT is used to convert between these two times (i.e., UT1 = TD - ΔT). ΔT has a value of 1150.1 seconds for this eclipse. The uncertainty in ΔT is 290.6 seconds corresponding to a standard error in longitude of the eclipse visibility zones of 1.21°.

The following links provide maps and data for the eclipse.

The tables below contain detailed predictions and additional information on the Penumbral Lunar Eclipse of 2494 Jan 21 .


Eclipse Data: Penumbral Lunar Eclipse of 2494 Jan 21

Eclipse Characteristics
Parameter Value
Penumbral Magnitude 0.75262
Umbral Magnitude-0.29065
Gamma-1.15934
Epsilon 1.1050°
Opposition Times
Event Calendar Date & Time Julian Date
Greatest Eclipse 2494 Jan 21 at 21:17:43.4 TD (20:58:33.3 UT1) 2631996.373996
Ecliptic Opposition 2494 Jan 21 at 21:30:23.0 TD (21:11:12.9 UT1) 2631996.382788
Equatorial Opposition 2494 Jan 21 at 22:01:16.9 TD (21:42:06.8 UT1) 2631996.404246
Geocentric Coordinates of Sun and Moon
2494 Jan 21 at 21:17:43.4 TD (20:58:33.3 UT1)
Coordinate Sun Moon
Right Ascension20h18m03.1s08h16m34.1s
Declination-19°36'14.7"+18°33'22.2"
Semi-Diameter 16'15.5" 15'35.1"
Eq. Hor. Parallax 08.9" 0°57'11.7"
Geocentric Libration of Moon
Angle Value
l 4.8°
b 1.5°
c 11.4°
Earth's Shadows
Parameter Value
Penumbral Radius 1.2362°
Umbral Radius 0.6943°
Prediction Paramaters
Paramater Value
Ephemerides JPL DE406
ΔT 1150.1 s
Shadow Rule Danjon
Shadow Enlargement 1.010
Saros Series 161 (14/73)

Explanation of Lunar Eclipse Data Tables

Eclipse Contacts: Penumbral Lunar Eclipse of 2494 Jan 21

Lunar Eclipse Contacts
Eclipse Event Contact Time
TD
Time
UT1
Zenith Latitude Zenith Longitude Position Angle Axis Distance
Penumbral BeginsP119:19:24.819:00:14.718°53.5'N076°10.3'E 241.0° 1.4970°
Greatest EclipseGreatest21:17:43.420:58:33.318°33.4'N047°36.7'E 198.6° 1.1050°
Penumbral EndsP423:15:53.422:56:43.318°12.9'N019°04.8'E 156.2° 1.4950°
Eclipse Durations
Eclipse Phase Duration
Penumbral (P4 - P1)03h56m28.6s

Explanation of Lunar Eclipse Contacts Table

Polynomial Besselian Elements: Penumbral Lunar Eclipse of 2494 Jan 21

Polynomial Besselian Elements
2494 Jan 21 at 21:00:00.0 TD (=t0)
n x y d f1 f2 f3
0 -0.49519 -0.99935 -0.3422 1.23636 0.69441 0.25977
1 0.48508 -0.16292 0.0002 -0.00041 -0.00041 -0.00011
2 -0.00024 -0.00000 0.0000 -0.00000 -0.00000 -0.00000
3 -0.00001 0.00000 - - - -

At time t1 (decimal hours), each besselian element is evaluated by:

x = x0 + x1*t + x2*t2 + x3*t3 (or x = Σ [xn*tn]; n = 0 to 3)

where: t = t1 - t0 (decimal hours) and t0 = 21.000

Explanation of Besselian Elements

Links for the Penumbral Lunar Eclipse of 2494 Jan 21

Links to Additional Lunar Eclipse Information

Calendar

The Gregorian calendar (also called the Western calendar) is internationally the most widely used civil calendar. It is named for Pope Gregory XIII, who introduced it in 1582. On this website, the Gregorian calendar is used for all calendar dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates.

The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..

Eclipse Predictions

Predictions for the Penumbral Lunar Eclipse of 2494 Jan 21 were generated using the JPL DE406 solar and lunar ephemerides. The lunar coordinates were calculated with respect to the Moon's Center of Mass. The predictions are given in both Terrestrial Dynamical Time (TD) and Universal Time (UT1). The parameter ΔT is used to convert between these two times (i.e., UT1 = TD - ΔT). ΔT has a value of 1150.1 seconds for this eclipse. The uncertainty in ΔT is 290.6 seconds corresponding to a standard error in longitude of the eclipse visibility zones of 1.21°.

Acknowledgments

Some of the content on this web site is based on the book Thousand Year Canon of Lunar Eclipses 1501 to 2500. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy.

Permission is granted to reproduce eclipse data when accompanied by a link to this page and an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak, www.EclipseWise.com"

The use of diagrams and maps is permitted provided that they are NOT altered (except for re-sizing) and the embedded credit line is NOT removed or covered.