Solar Eclipse Prime Page

Total Solar Eclipse of 1991 Jul 11

Fred Espenak

Key to Solar Eclipse Figure (below)

Introduction


The Total Solar Eclipse of 1991 Jul 11 is visible from the following geographic regions:

  • Partial Eclipse: east Pacific, North & South America
  • Total Eclipse: Hawaii, Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Brazil

The map to the right depicts the geographic regions of eclipse visibility. Click on the map to enlarge it. For an explanation of the features appearing in the map, see Key to Solar Eclipse Maps.

The instant of greatest eclipse takes place on 1991 Jul 11 at 19:07:01 TD (19:06:03 UT1). This is 0.4 days after the Moon reaches perigee. During the eclipse, the Sun is in the constellation Gemini. The synodic month in which the eclipse takes place has a Brown Lunation Number of 848.

The eclipse belongs to Saros 136 and is number 36 of 71 eclipses in the series. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s descending node. The Moon moves northward with respect to the node with each succeeding eclipse in the series and gamma increases.

The solar eclipse of 1991 Jul 11 is an exceptionally long total eclipse with a duration at greatest eclipse of 06m53s. It has an eclipse magnitude of 1.0800.

The total solar eclipse of 1991 Jul 11 is preceded two weeks earlier by a penumbral lunar eclipse on 1991 Jun 27, and it is followed two weeks later by a penumbral lunar eclipse on 1991 Jul 26.

These eclipses all take place during a single eclipse season.

The eclipse predictions are given in both Terrestrial Dynamical Time (TD) and Universal Time (UT1). The parameter ΔT is used to convert between these two times (i.e., UT1 = TD - ΔT). ΔT has a value of 57.9 seconds for this eclipse.

The following links provide maps and data for the eclipse.

Eclipse Data: Total Solar Eclipse of 1991 Jul 11

Eclipse Characteristics
Parameter Value
Eclipse Magnitude 1.07997
Eclipse Obscuration 1.16633
Gamma-0.00412
Conjunction Times
Event Calendar Date and Time Julian Date
Greatest Eclipse 1991 Jul 11 at 19:07:00.8 TD (19:06:02.8 UT1) 2448449.295866
Ecliptic Conjunction 1991 Jul 11 at 19:07:03.3 TD (19:06:05.3 UT1) 2448449.295895
Equatorial Conjunction 1991 Jul 11 at 19:07:07.0 TD (19:06:09.0 UT1) 2448449.295938
Geocentric Coordinates of Sun and Moon
1991 Jul 11 at 19:07:00.8 TD (19:06:02.8 UT1)
Coordinate Sun Moon
Right Ascension07h22m12.8s07h22m12.5s
Declination+22°05'48.5"+22°05'33.9"
Semi-Diameter 15'43.9" 16'42.1"
Eq. Hor. Parallax 08.7" 1°01'17.7"
Geocentric Libration of Moon
Angle Value
l 0.9°
b 0.0°
c 6.5°
Prediction Parameters
Paramater Value
Ephemerides JPL DE405
ΔT 57.9 s
k (penumbra) 0.2725076
k (umbra) 0.2722810
Saros Series 136 (36/71)

Explanation of Solar Eclipse Data Tables

Penumbral Shadow Contacts and Extremes: Total Solar Eclipse of 1991 Jul 11

Contacts of Penumbral Shadow with Earth
Contact Event Contact Time
TD
Time
UT1
Latitude Longitude
First External ContactP116:29:42.316:28:44.412°32.6'N161°00.6'W
First Internal ContactP218:18:45.518:17:47.512°14.8'N171°51.4'E
Last Internal ContactP319:55:15.719:54:17.813°12.2'S032°40.7'W
Last External ContactP421:44:20.221:43:22.212°54.4'S059°49.0'W
Extreme Northern and Southern Path Limits of Penumbra
Contact Event Contact Time
TD
Time
UT1
Latitude Longitude
North Extreme Path Limit 1N117:46:35.217:45:37.241°12.6'N164°07.3'E
South Extreme Path Limit 1S117:31:08.217:30:10.316°55.6'S164°04.9'W
North Extreme Path Limit 2N220:27:35.820:26:37.916°30.8'N028°23.2'W
South Extreme Path Limit 2S220:42:41.720:41:43.741°37.1'S060°12.3'W

Explanation of Penumbral Shadow Contacts and Extremes Tables

Umbral Shadow Contacts and Extremes: Total Solar Eclipse of 1991 Jul 11

Contacts of Umbral Shadow with Earth
Contact Event Contact Time
TD
Time
UT1
Latitude Longitude
First External ContactU117:22:36.817:21:38.912°29.1'N174°12.6'W
First Internal ContactU217:25:50.717:24:52.812°28.7'N175°00.9'W
Last Internal ContactU320:48:11.320:47:13.412°58.4'S045°48.6'W
Last External ContactU420:51:24.320:50:26.412°58.0'S046°36.6'W
Extreme Northern and Southern Path Limits of Umbra
Contact Event Contact Time
TD
Time
UT1
Latitude Longitude
North Extreme Path Limit 1N117:24:30.617:23:32.613°18.3'N175°02.2'W
South Extreme Path Limit 1S117:23:58.717:23:00.811°39.4'N174°11.9'W
North Extreme Path Limit 2N220:49:31.420:48:33.412°09.0'S045°47.5'W
South Extreme Path Limit 2S220:50:02.520:49:04.613°47.4'S046°37.5'W

Explanation of Umbral Shadow Contacts and Extremes Tables

Central Line Extremes and Duration: Total Solar Eclipse of 1991 Jul 11

Extreme Limits of the Central Line
Contact Event Contact Time
TD
Time
UT1
Latitude Longitude
Extreme Central Line Limit 1C117:24:13.817:23:15.812°28.9'N174°36.8'W
Extreme Central Line Limit 2C220:49:47.820:48:49.912°58.2'S046°12.6'W

Explanation of Central Line Extremes Table

Greatest Eclipse and Greatest Duration
Event Time
TD
Time
UT1
Latitude Longitude Sun
Altitude
Sun
Azimuth
Path Width Central
Duration
Greatest Eclipse19:07:00.819:06:02.822°00.0'N105°12.7'W 89.9° 30.1° 258.0 km06m53.08s
Greatest Duration19:01:51.619:00:53.722°39.3'N106°56.8'W 87.1° 100.5° 258.0 km06m53.57s

Explanation of Greatest Eclipse and Greatest Duration

Polynomial Besselian Elements: Total Solar Eclipse of 1991 Jul 11

Polynomial Besselian Elements
1991 Jul 11 at 19:00:00.0 TD (=t0)
n x y d l1 l2 μ
0 -0.06726 0.01213 22.0974 0.53043 -0.01565 103.6398
1 0.56714 -0.13798 -0.0052 0.00003 0.00003 15.0001
2 -0.00004 -0.00015 -0.0000 -0.00001 -0.00001 0.0000
3 -0.00001 0.00000 - - - -
Tan ƒ1 0.0045986
Tan ƒ2 0.0045757

At time t1 (decimal hours), each besselian element is evaluated by:

x = x0 + x1*t + x2*t2 + x3*t3 (or x = Σ [xn*tn]; n = 0 to 3)

where: t = t1 - t0 (decimal hours) and t0 = 19.000

Explanation of Polynomial Besselian Elements

Eclipse Publications

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For more visit: AstroPixels Publishing

Links for the Total Solar Eclipse of 1991 Jul 11

Links to Additional Solar Eclipse Information

  • Home - home page of EclipseWise with predictions for both solar and lunar eclipses

Decade Tables of Solar Eclipses:
| 1901 - 1910 | 1911 - 1919 | 1921 - 1930 | 1931 - 1940 | 1941 - 1950 |
| 1951 - 1960 | 1961 - 1970 | 1971 - 1980 | 1981 - 1990 | 1991 - 2000 |
| 2001 - 2010 | 2011 - 2020 | 2021 - 2030 | 2031 - 2040 | 2041 - 2050 |
| 2051 - 2060 | 2061 - 2070 | 2071 - 2080 | 2081 - 2090 | 2091 - 2100 |

Solar Eclipse Publications

Eclipse Publications

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For more visit: AstroPixels Publishing

Eclipse Predictions

Predictions for the Total Solar Eclipse of 1991 Jul 11 were generated using the JPL DE405 solar and lunar ephemerides. The lunar coordinates were calculated with respect to the Moon's Center of Mass. The predictions are given in both Terrestrial Dynamical Time (TD) and Universal Time (UT1). The parameter ΔT is used to convert between these two times (i.e., UT1 = TD - ΔT). ΔT has a value of 57.9 seconds for this eclipse.

Acknowledgments

Some of the content on this website is based on the books 21st Century Canon of Solar Eclipses and Thousand Year Canon of Solar Eclipses 1501 to 2500. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy.

Permission is granted to reproduce eclipse data when accompanied by a link to this page and an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak, www.EclipseWise.com"

The use of diagrams and maps is permitted provided that they are NOT altered (except for re-sizing) and the embedded credit line is NOT removed or concealed.