Saros 54

Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 54

Fred Espenak

Introduction

A solar eclipse occurs whenever the Moon's shadow passes across Earth's surface. At least two solar eclipses and as many as five occur every year.

The periodicity and recurrence of solar eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and the same time of year due to a harmonic in three cycles of the Moon's orbit. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole. For more information, see Periodicity of Solar Eclipses.

Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 54

The table below lists the concise characteristics of every solar eclipse belonging to Saros 54 . The date and time of each eclipse is given for the instant of Greatest Eclipse. For eclipses between the years -1999 to 3000, the calendar date links to a web page containing additional details and a map showing the geographic region of eclipse visibility for that eclipse. A description of each parameter in the catalog table can be found in Key to Saros Catalog of Solar Eclipses.

Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 54
Seq Num Rel Num Calendar Date TD of Greatest Eclipse ΔT

s
ΔT Sigma
s
Luna Num Ecl Type QLE Gamma Ecl Mag Lat

°
Long

°
Sun Alt
°
Path Width km Central Dur
1-37 -1284-Jul-2511:02:09 30609 1276 -40611 Pb t- -1.4896 0.0988 64S 109E 0 - -
2-36 -1266-Aug-0518:33:30 30254 1229 -40388 P t- -1.4315 0.2051 63S 15W 0 - -
3-35 -1248-Aug-1602:16:32 29901 1183 -40165 P t- -1.3816 0.2965 62S 141W 0 - -
4-34 -1230-Aug-2710:08:19 29551 1137 -39942 P t- -1.3378 0.3767 62S 90E 0 - -
5-33 -1212-Sep-0618:10:30 29202 1092 -39719 P t- -1.3017 0.4428 61S 40W 0 - -
6-32 -1194-Sep-1802:21:30 28855 1048 -39496 P t- -1.2720 0.4973 61S 173W 0 - -
7-31 -1176-Sep-2810:42:43 28510 1004 -39273 P t- -1.2503 0.5371 61S 51E 0 - -
8-30 -1158-Oct-0919:11:02 28168 962 -39050 P t- -1.2335 0.5678 61S 86W 0 - -
9-29 -1140-Oct-2003:46:19 27827 920 -38827 P t- -1.2220 0.5889 61S 135E 0 - -
10-28 -1122-Oct-3112:26:53 27489 878 -38604 P t- -1.2145 0.6028 61S 5W 0 - -
11-27 -1104-Nov-1021:12:25 27153 838 -38381 P t- -1.2108 0.6096 62S 147W 0 - -
12-26 -1086-Nov-2205:58:47 26819 798 -38158 P t- -1.2074 0.6160 62S 71E 0 - -
13-25 -1068-Dec-0214:46:38 26486 760 -37935 P t- -1.2051 0.6206 63S 71W 0 - -
14-24 -1050-Dec-1323:32:17 26156 721 -37712 P t- -1.2007 0.6290 64S 146E 0 - -
15-23 -1032-Dec-2408:16:37 25828 684 -37489 P t- -1.1948 0.6402 65S 4E 0 - -
16-22 -1013-Jan-0416:54:50 25502 648 -37266 P t- -1.1840 0.6608 66S 137W 0 - -
17-21 -0995-Jan-1501:29:41 25178 620 -37043 P t- -1.1700 0.6877 67S 82E 0 - -
18-20 -0977-Jan-2609:56:23 24856 613 -36820 P t- -1.1494 0.7272 68S 57W 0 - -
19-19 -0959-Feb-0518:17:18 24537 606 -36597 P t- -1.1236 0.7770 69S 164E 0 - -
20-18 -0941-Feb-1702:28:56 24219 600 -36374 P t- -1.0900 0.8420 70S 27E 0 - -
21-17 -0923-Feb-2710:34:42 23903 593 -36151 P t- -1.0513 0.9173 71S 108W 0 - -
22-16 -0905-Mar-1018:31:51 23590 586 -35928 T- t- -1.0054 1.0069 71S 118E 0 - -
23-15 -0887-Mar-2102:22:04 23278 579 -35705 T t- -0.9535 1.0558 68S 64W 17 62503m18s
24-14 -0869-Apr-0110:05:23 22969 572 -35482 T t- -0.8957 1.0623 58S 158E 26 45904m04s
25-13 -0851-Apr-1117:43:10 22661 565 -35259 T p- -0.8328 1.0677 48S 31E 33 39704m50s
26-12 -0833-Apr-2301:16:00 22356 558 -35036 T p- -0.7659 1.0720 39S 90W 40 36105m33s
27-11 -0815-May-0308:44:31 22053 552 -34813 T p- -0.6952 1.0754 30S 151E 46 33806m13s
28-10 -0797-May-1416:10:57 21752 545 -34590 T p- -0.6225 1.0778 22S 34E 51 32006m47s
29 -9 -0779-May-2423:36:03 21453 538 -34367 T p- -0.5485 1.0792 14S 82W 57 30507m11s
30 -8 -0761-Jun-0507:00:38 21156 531 -34144 T p- -0.4739 1.0797 7S 163E 62 29207m25s
31 -7 -0743-Jun-1514:26:45 20861 524 -33921 T p- -0.4006 1.0792 1S 49E 66 27907m28s
32 -6 -0725-Jun-2621:55:02 20568 517 -33698 T n- -0.3290 1.0777 5N 66W 71 26607m18s
33 -5 -0707-Jul-0705:27:26 20277 510 -33475 T n- -0.2610 1.0755 9N 180E 75 25307m00s
34 -4 -0689-Jul-1813:03:09 19988 503 -33252 T n- -0.1959 1.0724 12N 65E 79 24006m35s
35 -3 -0671-Jul-2820:45:32 19702 496 -33029 T nn -0.1366 1.0688 14N 51W 82 22606m07s
36 -2 -0653-Aug-0904:33:38 19417 489 -32806 T nn -0.0822 1.0645 14N 168W 85 21205m37s
37 -1 -0635-Aug-1912:29:29 19134 482 -32583 T nn -0.0347 1.0600 14N 72E 88 19705m08s
38 0 -0617-Aug-3020:31:56 18854 475 -32360 Tm nn 0.0068 1.0550 12N 49W 90 18204m39s
39 1 -0599-Sep-1004:42:55 18575 468 -32137 T nn 0.0409 1.0501 10N 172W 88 16604m13s
40 2 -0581-Sep-2113:00:55 18301 461 -31914 T nn 0.0687 1.0450 7N 62E 86 15003m48s
Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 54
Seq Num Rel Num Calendar Date TD of Greatest Eclipse ΔT

s
ΔT Sigma
s
Luna Num Ecl Type QLE Gamma Ecl Mag Lat

°
Long

°
Sun Alt
°
Path Width km Central Dur
41 3 -0563-Oct-0121:25:45 18026 454 -31691 T -n 0.0903 1.0402 4N 66W 85 13503m25s
42 4 -0545-Oct-1305:57:30 17753 447 -31468 T -n 0.1057 1.0355 0S 165E 84 12003m04s
43 5 -0527-Oct-2314:34:52 17485 440 -31245 T -n 0.1157 1.0313 4S 34E 83 10602m46s
44 6 -0509-Nov-0323:17:12 17216 434 -31022 T -n 0.1214 1.0275 7S 98W 83 9402m29s
45 7 -0491-Nov-1408:01:15 16924 427 -30799 T -n 0.1252 1.0241 10S 130E 83 8302m15s
46 8 -0473-Nov-2516:48:22 16612 420 -30576 T -n 0.1260 1.0213 13S 3W 83 7302m03s
47 9 -0455-Dec-0601:34:38 16300 414 -30353 T -n 0.1267 1.0191 15S 135W 83 6601m53s
48 10 -0437-Dec-1710:19:34 16006 407 -30130 H3 -n 0.1284 1.0173 16S 93E 83 6001m45s
49 11 -0419-Dec-2719:00:00 15717 401 -29907 H -n 0.1331 1.0160 16S 38W 82 5601m39s
50 12 -0400-Jan-0803:36:19 15429 394 -29684 H -n 0.1407 1.0152 15S 167W 82 5301m35s
51 13 -0382-Jan-1812:05:36 15160 388 -29461 H -n 0.1536 1.0147 13S 65E 81 5101m33s
52 14 -0364-Jan-2920:27:12 14891 382 -29238 H -n 0.1720 1.0144 10S 62W 80 5001m31s
53 15 -0346-Feb-0904:39:56 14626 375 -29015 H -n 0.1971 1.0142 5S 173E 79 5001m30s
54 16 -0328-Feb-2012:43:46 14375 369 -28792 H -n 0.2288 1.0141 0N 50E 77 5001m29s
55 17 -0310-Mar-0220:37:02 14124 363 -28569 H -n 0.2685 1.0139 6N 71W 74 4901m26s
56 18 -0292-Mar-1304:20:56 13879 357 -28346 H -p 0.3152 1.0134 13N 170E 72 4801m22s
57 19 -0274-Mar-2411:54:50 13642 351 -28123 H -p 0.3694 1.0126 20N 53E 68 4701m15s
58 20 -0256-Apr-0319:20:37 13404 345 -27900 H -p 0.4292 1.0114 28N 62W 64 4301m05s
59 21 -0238-Apr-1502:36:05 13175 339 -27677 H -p 0.4968 1.0096 37N 174W 60 3800m53s
60 22 -0220-Apr-2509:45:41 12951 333 -27454 H -p 0.5683 1.0072 45N 75E 55 3000m37s
61 23 -0202-May-0616:47:05 12726 327 -27231 H -p 0.6458 1.0041 54N 34W 49 1900m20s
62 24 -0184-May-1623:45:15 12513 321 -27008 H -p 0.7248 1.0003 64N 142W 43 200m01s
63 25 -0166-May-2806:36:54 12302 315 -26785 A -t 0.8080 0.9955 74N 112E 36 2700m19s
64 26 -0148-Jun-0713:28:35 12092 310 -26562 A -t 0.8902 0.9897 86N 5E 27 8100m39s
65 27 -0130-Jun-1820:17:20 11892 304 -26339 A -t 0.9738 0.9819 79N 92E 12 30201m02s
66 28 -0112-Jun-2903:07:55 11691 298 -26116 P -t 1.0546 0.8848 65N 16W 0 - -
67 29 -0094-Jul-1009:58:47 11493 293 -25893 P -t 1.1339 0.7423 64N 129W 0 - -
68 30 -0076-Jul-2016:54:12 11300 287 -25670 P -t 1.2082 0.6098 64N 116E 0 - -
69 31 -0058-Jul-3123:53:10 11106 282 -25447 P -t 1.2785 0.4859 63N 1E 0 - -
70 32 -0040-Aug-1106:57:38 10917 277 -25224 P -t 1.3433 0.3729 62N 115W 0 - -
71 33 -0022-Aug-2214:08:22 10731 271 -25001 P -t 1.4018 0.2723 62N 128E 0 - -
72 34 -0004-Sep-0121:26:44 10545 266 -24778 P -t 1.4531 0.1850 61N 9E 0 - -
73 35 0014-Sep-1304:52:39 10366 261 -24555 P -t 1.4974 0.1109 61N 112W 0 - -
74 36 0032-Sep-2312:26:16 10189 256 -24332 Pe -t 1.5346 0.0495 61N 125E 0 - -

Statistics for Solar Eclipses of Saros 54

Solar eclipses of Saros 54 all occur at the Moon’s descending node and the Moon moves northward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on -1284 Jul 25. The series ended with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 0032 Sep 23. The total duration of Saros series 54 is 1316.20 years.

Summary of Saros 54
First Eclipse -1284 Jul 25
Last Eclipse 0032 Sep 23
Series Duration 1316.20 Years
No. of Eclipses 74
Sequence 21P 26T 15H 3A 9P

Saros 54 is composed of 74 solar eclipses as follows:

Solar Eclipses of Saros 54
Eclipse Type Symbol Number Percent
All Eclipses - 74100.0%
PartialP 30 40.5%
AnnularA 3 4.1%
TotalT 26 35.1%
HybridH 15 20.3%

Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 54 appears in the following table.

Umbral Eclipses of Saros 54
Classification Number Percent
All Umbral Eclipses 44100.0%
Central (two limits) 43 97.7%
Central (one limit) 0 0.0%
Non-Central (one limit) 1 2.3%

The 74 eclipses in Saros 54 occur in the following order : 21P 26T 15H 3A 9P

The longest and shortest central eclipses of Saros 54 as well as largest and smallest partial eclipses appear below.

Extreme Durations and Magnitudes of Solar Eclipses of Saros 54
Extrema Type Date Duration Magnitude
Longest Annular Solar Eclipse -0130 Jun 1801m02s -
Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse -0166 May 2800m19s -
Longest Total Solar Eclipse -0743 Jun 1507m28s -
Shortest Total Solar Eclipse -0455 Dec 0601m53s -
Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse -0437 Dec 1701m45s -
Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse -0184 May 1600m01s -
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse -0923 Feb 27 - 0.91733
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse 0032 Sep 23 - 0.04954

Eclipse Publications

by Fred Espenak

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Calendar

The Gregorian calendar (also called the Western calendar) is internationally the most widely used civil calendar. It is named for Pope Gregory XIII, who introduced it in 1582. On this website, the Gregorian calendar is used for all calendar dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates.

The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..

Eclipse Predictions

The eclipse predictions presented here were generated using the JPL DE406 solar and lunar ephemerides. The lunar coordinates have been calculated with respect to the Moon's Center of Mass.

The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:

  1. pre-1950's: ΔT calculated from empirical fits to historical records derived by Morrison and Stephenson (2004)
  2. 1955-present: ΔT obtained from published observations
  3. future: ΔT is extrapolated from current values weighted by the long term trend from tidal effects

A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -2999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.

Acknowledgments

Some of the content on this web site is based on the books Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Thousand Year Canon of Solar Eclipses 1501 to 2500. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy.

Permission is granted to reproduce eclipse data when accompanied by a link to this page and an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak, www.EclipseWise.com"

The use of diagrams and maps is permitted provided that they are NOT altered (except for re-sizing) and the embedded credit line is NOT removed or covered.