Saros 135

Panorama of Lunar Eclipses of Saros 135

Fred Espenak

Introduction

A lunar eclipse occurs whenever the Moon passes through Earth's shadow. At least two lunar eclipses and as many as five occur every year.

The periodicity and recurrence of lunar eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and the same time of year due to a harmonic in three cycles of the Moon's orbit. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 15 centuries and contains about 70 to 80 eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of penumbral lunar eclipses. The series will then produce several dozen partial eclipses, followed by several dozen total eclipses. The later portion of the series produces another set of partial eclipses before ending with a final group of penumbral eclipses. The exact numbers vary from one series to the next, but the overall sequence remains the same. For more information, see Periodicity of Lunar Eclipses.

Panorama of Lunar Eclipses of Saros 135

A panorama of all lunar eclipses belonging to Saros 135 is presented here. Each figure shows the Moon's path with respect to Earth's penumbral and umbral shadows. Below the path is a map depicting the geographic region of visibility for the eclipse. The date and time are given for the instant of Greatest Eclipse. Every figure serves as a hyperlink to the EclipseWise Prime page for that eclipse with a larger figure and complete details for the eclipse. Visit the Key to Lunar Eclipse Figures for a detailed explanation of these diagrams. Near the bottom of this page are a series of hyperlinks for more on lunar eclipses.

The exeligmos is a period of three Saros cycles and is equal to approximately 54 years 33 days. Because it is nearly an integral number of days in length, two eclipses separated by 1 exeligmos (= 3 Saroses) not only share all the characterists of a Saros, but also take place in approximately the same geographic location.

The Saros panorama below is arranged in horizontal rows of 3 eclipses. So one eclipse to the left or right is a difference of 1 Saros cycle, and one eclipse above or below is a difference of 1 exeligmos. By scanning a column of the table, it reveals how the geographic visibility of eclipses separated by an exeligmos slowly changes.

  • Click on any figure to go directly to the EclipseWise Prime Page for more information, tables, diagrams and maps. Key to Lunar Eclipse Figures explains the features in these diagrams.

For more information on this series see Statistics for Lunar Eclipses of Saros 135 .

Panorama of Lunar Eclipses of Saros 135
Penumbral Lunar Eclipse
1615 Apr 13

Penumbral Lunar Eclipse
1633 Apr 24

Penumbral Lunar Eclipse
1651 May 05

Penumbral Lunar Eclipse
1669 May 15

Penumbral Lunar Eclipse
1687 May 27

Penumbral Lunar Eclipse
1705 Jun 07

Penumbral Lunar Eclipse
1723 Jun 18

Penumbral Lunar Eclipse
1741 Jun 28

Penumbral Lunar Eclipse
1759 Jul 10

Partial Lunar Eclipse
1777 Jul 20

Partial Lunar Eclipse
1795 Jul 31

Partial Lunar Eclipse
1813 Aug 12

Partial Lunar Eclipse
1831 Aug 23

Partial Lunar Eclipse
1849 Sep 02

Partial Lunar Eclipse
1867 Sep 14

Partial Lunar Eclipse
1885 Sep 24

Partial Lunar Eclipse
1903 Oct 06

Partial Lunar Eclipse
1921 Oct 16

Partial Lunar Eclipse
1939 Oct 28

Total Lunar Eclipse
1957 Nov 07

Total Lunar Eclipse
1975 Nov 18

Total Lunar Eclipse
1993 Nov 29

Total Lunar Eclipse
2011 Dec 10

Total Lunar Eclipse
2029 Dec 20

Total Lunar Eclipse
2048 Jan 01

Total Lunar Eclipse
2066 Jan 11

Total Lunar Eclipse
2084 Jan 22

Total Lunar Eclipse
2102 Feb 03

Total Lunar Eclipse
2120 Feb 14

Total Lunar Eclipse
2138 Feb 24

Total Lunar Eclipse
2156 Mar 07

Total Lunar Eclipse
2174 Mar 18

Total Lunar Eclipse
2192 Mar 28

Total Lunar Eclipse
2210 Apr 10

Total Lunar Eclipse
2228 Apr 20

Total Lunar Eclipse
2246 May 01

Total Lunar Eclipse
2264 May 12

Total Lunar Eclipse
2282 May 23

Total Lunar Eclipse
2300 Jun 03

Total Lunar Eclipse
2318 Jun 14

Total Lunar Eclipse
2336 Jun 25

Total Lunar Eclipse
2354 Jul 06

Partial Lunar Eclipse
2372 Jul 16

Partial Lunar Eclipse
2390 Jul 27

Partial Lunar Eclipse
2408 Aug 07

Partial Lunar Eclipse
2426 Aug 18

Partial Lunar Eclipse
2444 Aug 28

Partial Lunar Eclipse
2462 Sep 09

Partial Lunar Eclipse
2480 Sep 19

Penumbral Lunar Eclipse
2498 Sep 30

Penumbral Lunar Eclipse
2516 Oct 11

Penumbral Lunar Eclipse
2534 Oct 23

Penumbral Lunar Eclipse
2552 Nov 02

Penumbral Lunar Eclipse
2570 Nov 13

Penumbral Lunar Eclipse
2588 Nov 24

Penumbral Lunar Eclipse
2606 Dec 06

Penumbral Lunar Eclipse
2624 Dec 16

Penumbral Lunar Eclipse
2642 Dec 28

Penumbral Lunar Eclipse
2661 Jan 07

Penumbral Lunar Eclipse
2679 Jan 18

Penumbral Lunar Eclipse
2697 Jan 29

Penumbral Lunar Eclipse
2715 Feb 10

Penumbral Lunar Eclipse
2733 Feb 20

Penumbral Lunar Eclipse
2751 Mar 04

Penumbral Lunar Eclipse
2769 Mar 14

Penumbral Lunar Eclipse
2787 Mar 25

Penumbral Lunar Eclipse
2805 Apr 05

Penumbral Lunar Eclipse
2823 Apr 16

Penumbral Lunar Eclipse
2841 Apr 26

Penumbral Lunar Eclipse
2859 May 08

Penumbral Lunar Eclipse
2877 May 18

Statistics for Lunar Eclipses of Saros 135

Lunar eclipses of Saros 135 all occur at the Moon’s descending node and the Moon moves northward with each eclipse. The series will begin with a penumbral eclipse near the southern edge of the penumbra on 1615 Apr 13. The series will end with a penumbral eclipse near the northern edge of the penumbra on 2877 May 18. The total duration of Saros series 135 is 1262.11 years.

Summary of Saros 135
First Eclipse 1615 Apr 13
Last Eclipse 2877 May 18
Series Duration 1262.11 Years
No. of Eclipses 71
Sequence 9N 10P 23T 7P 22N

Saros 135 is composed of 71 lunar eclipses as follows:

Lunar Eclipses of Saros 135
Eclipse Type Symbol Number Percent
All Eclipses - 71100.0%
PenumbralN 31 43.7%
PartialP 17 23.9%
TotalT 23 32.4%

The 71 lunar eclipses of Saros 135 occur in the order of 9N 10P 23T 7P 22N which corresponds to the following.

Sequence Order of Lunar Eclipses in Saros 135
Eclipse Type Symbol Number
Penumbral N 9
Partial P 10
Total T 23
Partial P 7
Penumbral N 22

The 71 eclipses in Saros 135 occur in the following order : 9N 10P 23T 7P 22N

The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 135 as well as largest and smallest partial eclipses appear below.

Extreme Durations and Magnitudes of Lunar Eclipses of Saros 135
Extrema Type Date Duration Magnitude
Longest Total Lunar Eclipse 2264 May 1201h46m13s -
Shortest Total Lunar Eclipse 1957 Nov 0700h27m57s -
Longest Partial Lunar Eclipse 1939 Oct 2803h23m23s -
Shortest Partial Lunar Eclipse 2480 Sep 1900h46m48s -
Longest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse 2498 Sep 3004h42m32s -
Shortest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse 1615 Apr 1300h55m46s -
Largest Partial Lunar Eclipse 1939 Oct 28 - 0.98764
Smallest Partial Lunar Eclipse 2480 Sep 19 - 0.03656

Eclipse Publications

by Fred Espenak

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Calendar

The Gregorian calendar (also called the Western calendar) is internationally the most widely used civil calendar. It is named for Pope Gregory XIII, who introduced it in 1582. On this website, the Gregorian calendar is used for all calendar dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates.

The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..

Eclipse Predictions

The eclipse predictions presented here were generated using the JPL DE406 solar and lunar ephemerides. The lunar coordinates have been calculated with respect to the Moon's Center of Mass.

The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:

  1. pre-1950's: ΔT calculated from empirical fits to historical records derived by Morrison and Stephenson (2004)
  2. 1955-present: ΔT obtained from published observations
  3. future: ΔT is extrapolated from current values weighted by the long term trend from tidal effects

A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -2999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.

Acknowledgments

Some of the content on this web site is based on the books Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Thousand Year Canon of Lunar Eclipses 1501 to 2500. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy.

Permission is granted to reproduce eclipse data when accompanied by a link to this page and an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak, www.EclipseWise.com"

The use of diagrams and maps is permitted provided that they are NOT altered (except for re-sizing) and the embedded credit line is NOT removed or covered.