Saros 13

Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 13

Fred Espenak

Introduction

A solar eclipse occurs whenever the Moon's shadow passes across Earth's surface. At least two solar eclipses and as many as five occur every year.

The periodicity and recurrence of solar eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and the same time of year due to a harmonic in three cycles of the Moon's orbit. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole. For more information, see Periodicity of Solar Eclipses.

Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 13

The table below lists the concise characteristics of every solar eclipse belonging to Saros 13 . The date and time of each eclipse is given for the instant of Greatest Eclipse. For eclipses between the years -1999 to 3000, the calendar date links to a web page containing additional details and a map showing the geographic region of eclipse visibility for that eclipse. A description of each parameter in the catalog table can be found in Key to Saros Catalog of Solar Eclipses.

Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 13
Seq Num Rel Num Calendar Date TD of Greatest Eclipse ΔT

s
ΔT Sigma
s
Luna Num Ecl Type QLE Gamma Ecl Mag Lat

°
Long

°
Sun Alt
°
Path Width km Central Dur
1-41 -2543-Sep-2303:29:14 60506 6318 -56181 Pb t- 1.5545 0.0122 71N 136E 0 - -
2-40 -2525-Oct-0411:32:52 60006 6222 -55958 P t- 1.5490 0.0239 71N 1W 0 - -
3-39 -2507-Oct-1419:40:30 59509 6127 -55735 P t- 1.5474 0.0287 71N 139W 0 - -
4-38 -2489-Oct-2603:51:52 59014 6032 -55512 P t- 1.5493 0.0271 71N 82E 0 - -
5-37 -2471-Nov-0512:04:26 58521 5938 -55289 P t- 1.5525 0.0231 71N 57W 0 - -
6-36 -2453-Nov-1620:16:55 58030 5845 -55066 P t- 1.5566 0.0174 70N 164E 0 - -
7-35 -2435-Nov-2704:25:50 57541 5753 -54843 P t- 1.5581 0.0155 69N 27E 0 - -
8-34 -2417-Dec-0812:31:39 57054 5661 -54620 P t- 1.5578 0.0164 69N 109W 0 - -
9-33 -2399-Dec-1820:31:21 56569 5570 -54397 P t- 1.5528 0.0250 68N 118E 0 - -
10-32 -2381-Dec-3004:23:21 56086 5479 -54174 P t- 1.5422 0.0426 66N 13W 0 - -
11-31 -2362-Jan-0912:06:22 55605 5390 -53951 P t- 1.5247 0.0717 65N 141W 0 - -
12-30 -2344-Jan-2019:40:08 55126 5301 -53728 P t- 1.5001 0.1127 64N 93E 0 - -
13-29 -2326-Jan-3103:03:50 54650 5212 -53505 P t- 1.4675 0.1671 63N 30W 0 - -
14-28 -2308-Feb-1110:16:28 54175 5124 -53282 P t- 1.4262 0.2365 63N 149W 0 - -
15-27 -2290-Feb-2117:19:07 53703 5037 -53059 P t- 1.3769 0.3196 62N 94E 0 - -
16-26 -2272-Mar-0400:11:41 53232 4951 -52836 P t- 1.3196 0.4167 61N 20W 0 - -
17-25 -2254-Mar-1506:54:23 52764 4865 -52613 P t- 1.2542 0.5278 61N 131W 0 - -
18-24 -2236-Mar-2513:28:49 52298 4780 -52390 P t- 1.1820 0.6511 61N 119E 0 - -
19-23 -2218-Apr-0519:56:13 51834 4696 -52167 P t- 1.1040 0.7845 60N 12E 0 - -
20-22 -2200-Apr-1602:18:36 51371 4612 -51944 P t- 1.0214 0.9259 60N 94W 0 - -
21-21 -2182-Apr-2708:35:10 50911 4529 -51721 A t- 0.9339 0.9398 59N 158W 21 61604m36s
22-20 -2164-May-0714:50:58 50453 4447 -51498 A p- 0.8456 0.9429 57N 121E 32 38804m37s
23-19 -2146-May-1821:04:42 49997 4366 -51275 A p- 0.7552 0.9449 56N 35E 41 30504m39s
24-18 -2128-May-2903:21:00 49543 4285 -51052 A p- 0.6663 0.9461 55N 52W 48 26404m45s
25-17 -2110-Jun-0909:37:56 49092 4205 -50829 A p- 0.5774 0.9467 53N 141W 54 23904m55s
26-16 -2092-Jun-1916:01:46 48642 4125 -50606 A p- 0.4936 0.9467 51N 128E 60 22605m11s
27-15 -2074-Jun-3022:30:08 48194 4046 -50383 A p- 0.4132 0.9462 48N 35E 65 21805m31s
28-14 -2056-Jul-1105:06:54 47749 3968 -50160 A p- 0.3393 0.9454 44N 62W 70 21405m54s
29-13 -2038-Jul-2211:51:32 47305 3891 -49937 A pn 0.2711 0.9442 39N 162W 74 21406m20s
30-12 -2020-Aug-0118:47:18 46864 3814 -49714 A nn 0.2116 0.9430 35N 94E 78 21606m45s
31-11 -2002-Aug-1301:52:28 46424 3738 -49491 A nn 0.1594 0.9416 29N 13W 81 21907m08s
32-10 -1984-Aug-2309:08:13 45987 3662 -49268 A nn 0.1153 0.9402 24N 123W 83 22307m27s
33 -9 -1966-Sep-0316:34:26 45552 3588 -49045 A nn 0.0796 0.9390 19N 123E 85 22707m41s
34 -8 -1948-Sep-1400:11:36 45119 3514 -48822 A nn 0.0523 0.9380 13N 6E 87 23107m50s
35 -7 -1930-Sep-2507:57:38 44688 3440 -48599 A nn 0.0318 0.9374 8N 113W 88 23307m55s
36 -6 -1912-Oct-0515:52:50 44259 3368 -48376 A nn 0.0183 0.9371 2N 126E 89 23407m55s
37 -5 -1894-Oct-1623:55:03 43832 3296 -48153 A nn 0.0100 0.9375 3S 3E 89 23207m51s
38 -4 -1876-Oct-2708:03:53 43407 3224 -47930 A nn 0.0065 0.9384 7S 122W 90 22907m43s
39 -3 -1858-Nov-0716:15:19 42984 3154 -47707 A nn 0.0045 0.9400 12S 113E 90 22207m31s
40 -2 -1840-Nov-1800:30:37 42563 3084 -47484 A nn 0.0049 0.9422 15S 12W 90 21407m13s
Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 13
Seq Num Rel Num Calendar Date TD of Greatest Eclipse ΔT

s
ΔT Sigma
s
Luna Num Ecl Type QLE Gamma Ecl Mag Lat

°
Long

°
Sun Alt
°
Path Width km Central Dur
41 -1 -1822-Nov-2908:45:14 42144 3015 -47261 A nn 0.0037 0.9451 19S 137W 90 20206m49s
42 0 -1804-Dec-0916:59:36 41728 2946 -47038 A nn 0.0017 0.9487 21S 98E 90 18806m18s
43 1 -1786-Dec-2101:09:18 41313 2878 -46815 Am nn -0.0052 0.9529 23S 25W 90 17205m42s
44 2 -1768-Dec-3109:16:10 40901 2811 -46592 A nn -0.0153 0.9578 25S 147W 89 15404m59s
45 3 -1749-Jan-1117:16:29 40490 2745 -46369 A nn -0.0321 0.9631 26S 93E 88 13304m13s
46 4 -1731-Jan-2201:10:16 40082 2679 -46146 A nn -0.0551 0.9690 26S 26W 87 11203m25s
47 5 -1713-Feb-0208:56:10 39676 2614 -45923 A nn -0.0855 0.9750 26S 142W 85 9002m39s
48 6 -1695-Feb-1216:35:08 39271 2550 -45700 A nn -0.1227 0.9814 25S 103E 83 6701m54s
49 7 -1677-Feb-2400:06:30 38869 2486 -45477 A nn -0.1672 0.9877 24S 10W 80 4401m12s
50 8 -1659-Mar-0607:30:22 38469 2424 -45254 A nn -0.2188 0.9941 23S 122W 77 2100m34s
51 9 -1641-Mar-1714:47:53 38071 2361 -45031 H nn -0.2769 1.0002 21S 128E 74 100m01s
52 10 -1623-Mar-2721:59:45 37675 2300 -44808 H -n -0.3403 1.0061 20S 20E 70 2200m33s
53 11 -1605-Apr-0805:06:45 37281 2239 -44585 H -p -0.4089 1.0115 20S 88W 66 4301m03s
54 12 -1587-Apr-1812:10:29 36890 2179 -44362 T -p -0.4812 1.0163 20S 166E 61 6301m29s
55 13 -1569-Apr-2919:12:27 36500 2120 -44139 T -p -0.5558 1.0205 21S 59E 56 8301m53s
56 14 -1551-May-1002:14:25 36112 2061 -43916 T -p -0.6314 1.0240 22S 48W 51 10302m12s
57 15 -1533-May-2109:16:09 35727 2003 -43693 T -p -0.7081 1.0266 25S 155W 45 12602m27s
58 16 -1515-May-3116:21:19 35343 1946 -43470 T -p -0.7827 1.0283 29S 97E 38 15202m35s
59 17 -1497-Jun-1123:29:04 34962 1889 -43247 T -p -0.8558 1.0290 35S 12W 31 18802m35s
60 18 -1479-Jun-2206:42:47 34582 1834 -43024 T -p -0.9250 1.0286 44S 124W 22 25602m25s
61 19 -1461-Jul-0314:00:54 34205 1779 -42801 Ts -t -0.9911 1.0252 59S 125E 6 - 01m52s
62 20 -1443-Jul-1321:27:38 33830 1724 -42578 P -t -1.0508 0.9115 66S 4E 0 - -
63 21 -1425-Jul-2505:01:23 33456 1671 -42355 P -t -1.1051 0.8096 67S 121W 0 - -
64 22 -1407-Aug-0412:43:57 33085 1618 -42132 P -t -1.1528 0.7200 68S 110E 0 - -
65 23 -1389-Aug-1520:35:22 32716 1565 -41909 P -t -1.1940 0.6427 69S 21W 0 - -
66 24 -1371-Aug-2604:36:27 32349 1514 -41686 P -t -1.2280 0.5790 70S 155W 0 - -
67 25 -1353-Sep-0612:46:49 31984 1463 -41463 P -t -1.2547 0.5287 71S 68E 0 - -
68 26 -1335-Sep-1621:05:12 31621 1413 -41240 P -t -1.2756 0.4896 71S 72W 0 - -
69 27 -1317-Sep-2805:32:57 31261 1364 -41017 P -t -1.2895 0.4636 72S 145E 0 - -
70 28 -1299-Oct-0814:07:53 30902 1315 -40794 P -t -1.2984 0.4470 72S 1E 0 - -
71 29 -1281-Oct-1922:49:53 30545 1268 -40571 P -t -1.3022 0.4399 71S 145W 0 - -
72 30 -1263-Oct-3007:36:09 30191 1221 -40348 P -t -1.3033 0.4379 71S 68E 0 - -
73 31 -1245-Nov-1016:27:06 29838 1174 -40125 P -t -1.3012 0.4419 70S 79W 0 - -
74 32 -1227-Nov-2101:19:13 29488 1129 -39902 P -t -1.2988 0.4464 69S 133E 0 - -
75 33 -1209-Dec-0210:11:53 29139 1084 -39679 P -t -1.2965 0.4506 68S 13W 0 - -
76 34 -1191-Dec-1219:02:43 28793 1040 -39456 P -t -1.2964 0.4508 67S 159W 0 - -
77 35 -1173-Dec-2403:51:05 28449 997 -39233 P -t -1.2988 0.4462 66S 56E 0 - -
78 36 -1154-Jan-0312:33:55 28107 954 -39010 P -t -1.3061 0.4325 65S 86W 0 - -
79 37 -1136-Jan-1421:11:22 27767 912 -38787 P -t -1.3181 0.4096 64S 133E 0 - -
80 38 -1118-Jan-2505:41:25 27429 871 -38564 P -t -1.3365 0.3745 63S 5W 0 - -
Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 13
Seq Num Rel Num Calendar Date TD of Greatest Eclipse ΔT

s
ΔT Sigma
s
Luna Num Ecl Type QLE Gamma Ecl Mag Lat

°
Long

°
Sun Alt
°
Path Width km Central Dur
81 39 -1100-Feb-0514:05:10 27093 831 -38341 P -t -1.3606 0.3282 63S 142W 0 - -
82 40 -1082-Feb-1522:18:59 26759 791 -38118 P -t -1.3928 0.2659 62S 84E 0 - -
83 41 -1064-Feb-2706:26:16 26427 753 -37895 P -t -1.4306 0.1927 61S 48W 0 - -
84 42 -1046-Mar-0914:24:08 26097 715 -37672 P -t -1.4762 0.1042 61S 178W 0 - -
85 43 -1028-Mar-1922:16:27 25770 678 -37449 Pe -t -1.5266 0.0059 61S 54E 0 - -

Statistics for Solar Eclipses of Saros 13

Solar eclipses of Saros 13 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on -2543 Sep 23. The series ended with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on -1028 Mar 19. The total duration of Saros series 13 is 1514.53 years.

Summary of Saros 13
First Eclipse -2543 Sep 23
Last Eclipse -1028 Mar 19
Series Duration 1514.53 Years
No. of Eclipses 85
Sequence 20P 30A 3H 8T 24P

Saros 13 is composed of 85 solar eclipses as follows:

Solar Eclipses of Saros 13
Eclipse Type Symbol Number Percent
All Eclipses - 85100.0%
PartialP 44 51.8%
AnnularA 30 35.3%
TotalT 8 9.4%
HybridH 3 3.5%

Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 13 appears in the following table.

Umbral Eclipses of Saros 13
Classification Number Percent
All Umbral Eclipses 41100.0%
Central (two limits) 40 97.6%
Central (one limit) 1 2.4%
Non-Central (one limit) 0 0.0%

The 85 eclipses in Saros 13 occur in the following order : 20P 30A 3H 8T 24P

The longest and shortest central eclipses of Saros 13 as well as largest and smallest partial eclipses appear below.

Extreme Durations and Magnitudes of Solar Eclipses of Saros 13
Extrema Type Date Duration Magnitude
Longest Annular Solar Eclipse -1912 Oct 0507m55s -
Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse -1659 Mar 0600m34s -
Longest Total Solar Eclipse -1515 May 3102m35s -
Shortest Total Solar Eclipse -1587 Apr 1801m29s -
Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse -1605 Apr 0801m03s -
Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse -1641 Mar 1700m01s -
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse -2200 Apr 16 - 0.92594
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse -1028 Mar 19 - 0.00590

Eclipse Publications

by Fred Espenak

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Calendar

The Gregorian calendar (also called the Western calendar) is internationally the most widely used civil calendar. It is named for Pope Gregory XIII, who introduced it in 1582. On this website, the Gregorian calendar is used for all calendar dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates.

The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..

Eclipse Predictions

The eclipse predictions presented here were generated using the JPL DE406 solar and lunar ephemerides. The lunar coordinates have been calculated with respect to the Moon's Center of Mass.

The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:

  1. pre-1950's: ΔT calculated from empirical fits to historical records derived by Morrison and Stephenson (2004)
  2. 1955-present: ΔT obtained from published observations
  3. future: ΔT is extrapolated from current values weighted by the long term trend from tidal effects

A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -2999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.

Acknowledgments

Some of the content on this web site is based on the books Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Thousand Year Canon of Solar Eclipses 1501 to 2500. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy.

Permission is granted to reproduce eclipse data when accompanied by a link to this page and an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak, www.EclipseWise.com"

The use of diagrams and maps is permitted provided that they are NOT altered (except for re-sizing) and the embedded credit line is NOT removed or covered.